Brain-computer interfaces
The potential of neuroscientific discoveries such as the brain chip.
Our God-given brains use chemicals and electricity to communicate among cells and neurons. Chemicals (neurotransmitters and hormones) primarily communicate between neurons, while electricity is often the means of communication along the sometimes-considerable length of neurons. We have long influenced the brain’s chemical communication with medicines and drugs but until recently, we have been unable to do much with its electrical signals except observe. By attaching electrodes to the skull surface in an electroencephalogram (EEG), we have seen the global effects of electrical signals. But our technology is advancing.
Tech developments
We now have more ways of looking at activity in the brain, like through an fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which shows how active the brain is in real time. EEGs and fMRIs are non-invasive techniques that, when combined with computer software, allow us to ascribe meaning to brain signals. While not yet perfect, these methods are being combined with artificial intelligence algorithms, such as those used in large language models like ChatGPT, to interpret electrical signals. This has resulted in the ability to know what people hear and think. The results are very individualistic, and the algorithm may be easy to fool, but these methods hold promise for people who cannot speak.
Going a step further, invasive techniques where electrodes are placed directly on parts of the brain or implanted deep inside, are attracting the research community. Implants have become more sophisticated and can record electrical activity directly from larger numbers of neurons, currently just over one thousand. When implanted in the area of the brain responsible for movement, implants can permit paralyzed people to speak or type at speed. They can also control robotic arms in simple tasks like picking up a cup of coffee. Currently, most of these devices are directly wired to a computer, requiring an opening in the skull and skin with a connection to the internal electrode. Recently, Elon Musk’s company, Neuralink, implanted a wireless brain chip into a patient, but they have not provided many research details (only a video of the patient playing chess).
Unknown factors
These technologies and implants are still experimental, and some significant questions must be addressed. While the experience could transform the lives of paralyzed individuals or those who otherwise can’t communicate, it is unclear how long these devices will remain effective. If the neurons that the electrodes are recording from change or die after a few months, will the interface fail or can these technologies continue to work for long periods? Technology is also advancing, both hardware and software, and in a year or two today’s best tools may be outdated.
While there are a few concerns that this technology could lead to mind-reading machines, the promise overall of providing support for paralyzed individuals and permitting them to communicate much more effectively is great. Given the positive potential, Christians should thank God for these advances in neuroscience and computing
